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Prevent Breast Cancer: 8 Lifestyle Changes to Reduce Breast Cancer Risk

Author:
Dr. Poovamma C U
,
Consultant – Oncoplastic Breast Surgery

Every patient diagnosed with cancer invariably asksWhy me? What have I done to have cancer?”.

A risk factor is something that increases the chances of getting the disease. There are certain factors you can control and certain others that you cannot change. Having a risk factor does not necessarily mean you will get the disease/cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors.

8 Ways To Decrease Breast Cancer Risk

1. Exercise

Exercise helps to promote and maintain an individual’s overall physical and mental health. It is recommended that adults get 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity each week (divided into 3 to 5 sittings).

Although unclear about how and how much physical activity decreases breast cancer risk, there is growing evidence that it does reduce the risk of breast cancer occurrence by 20-40%. Even a little exercise is better than no exercise; however, reaching the upper limit is desirable.

2. Weight and diet

The association between an individual’s weight and breast cancer risk is a complex one. It is recommended to maintain a healthy weight and eat fresh, nutritious food, throughout your life. 

Premenopause, the ovaries are responsible for the production of estrogen and very little estrogen is made by fat tissue. However, after menopause, when the ovaries stop, most of a woman’s estrogen is made from fat tissue – being overweight or obese after menopause increases your chances of getting breast cancer. However, premenopause obesity may lower the risk of hormone-positive breast cancer but may increase the risk of aggressive triple-negative breast cancer. 

Can eating healthy reduce the risk of breast cancer?

Yes, eating healthy is a great contributor to a healthy life. A healthy diet has several benefits for the body, including improving its immune system and maintaining a healthy weight, etc. Maintaining a proper weight and having a proper diet may help in reducing the risk of breast cancer.

Your food habits, diet and weight are essential factors that must be considered to have a healthy, risk-free life. However, with several known factors for breast cancer in an individual, eating healthy does not eliminate its risk entirely.

The food we consume affects all aspects of our health. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, calcium-rich dairy products containing a large number of antioxidants and rich in vitamin D. Also, a diet low in red and processed meats may decrease the risk of breast cancer. Foods laden with fat leads to weight gain and obesity.

Obesity increases the risk for a variety of cancers including breast, colon, endometrium, oesophagus, pancreas and kidney. Being overweight can also increase the risk of cancer coming back(recurrence).

Various flavour enhancers, present in processed foods have been implicated in causing breast cancer. Breast cancer is less common in countries where the traditional diet is total fat or rich in soy products. The link between vitamin levels and breast cancer is unclear. There is no strong evidence to suggest that vitamin supplements will reduce breast cancer risk.

3. Alcohol and tobacco

Alcohol metabolism and consumption of alcohol are clearly linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. 

It is best to completely avoid alcohol or at least reduce its consumption to one drink a day. The possibility of breast cancer increases with the amount of alcohol consumed. There is a 7-10% increased consumption of 1 alcoholic drink a day, which increases to 20% with an intake of 2 to 3 drinks a day. Consumption of alcohol is linked to an increased risk of other types of cancer, too.

Regular heavy smoking may increase the possibility of getting breast cancer.

4. Children

Pregnancy at an early age before 30 with delivery on the due date is considered as a protective measure against breast cancer. Women who have not had children or who had their first child after age 30 have a slightly higher breast cancer risk overall. Having many pregnancies and becoming pregnant at an early age reduces breast cancer risk.

5. Breastfeeding

Most studies suggest that a cumulative period of more than 2 years, may slightly lower breast cancer risk. Each year of breastfeeding reduces the risk of cancer by 4.3%

6. Use of birth control

The use of OCP after the age of 30 and for less than 5 years might not increase the risk of breast cancer. Current use may increase the risk of breast cancer which reduces back to normal within 10 years after stopping use. 

Some birth control methods use hormones, which might increase breast cancer risk.

7. Hormone replacement therapy(HRT) after menopause

The use of hormone replacement therapy to relieve the symptoms of menopause has been implicated in breast cancer. The longer the use, the higher the risk. The risk is more for combined HRT(estrogen + progesterone ) than estrogen-only HRT. The risk is more during current and recent use and reverts to average risk after 2 years of stopping HRT. 

HRT also increases the risk of uterine and ovarian cancers.

8. Chemicals in the environment

Exposure to certain chemicals may increase the risk of breast cancer. Women are exposed to various types of chemicals in everyday life. Personal care items, furniture, food packaging plastics, building materials, air pollutants, cosmetics may contain chemicals which mimic and disrupt the natural endocrine, increasing the risk of breast cancer. 

Several studies have suggested that women who work at night, such as nurses on a night shift, might have an increased risk of breast cancer. This is an active area of research. Some researchers think the effect may be due to changes in levels of melatonin, a hormone affected by the body’s exposure to light, but other hormones are also being studied.